{"id":12465,"date":"2026-04-03T12:09:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T09:09:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/?page_id=12465"},"modified":"2026-04-03T12:09:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T09:09:54","slug":"ukrayinski-zajmennyky-zhaden-i-zhoden-u-slov-yanskomu-konteksti-pohodzhennya-rozvytok-norma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/2026-2\/ukrayinski-zajmennyky-zhaden-i-zhoden-u-slov-yanskomu-konteksti-pohodzhennya-rozvytok-norma.html","title":{"rendered":"The Ukrainian pronouns \u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d and \u0436\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d in the Slavic context: origin, development, and standardization"},"content":{"rendered":"Ruslana Kotsa<\/em><\/strong>, Candidate of Sciences in Philology, Senior Researcher in the Department of History of the Ukrainian Language and Onomastics
\nInstitute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
\n4 Mykhailo Hrushevskyi St., Kyiv 01001, Ukraine<\/p>\n

E-mail: rgomonai@ukr.net
\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-2250<\/p>\n

Heading:<\/strong>\u00a0Articles
\nLanguage:<\/strong>\u00a0Ukrainian<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>:\u00a0The article offers a comprehensive diachronic analysis of the Ukrainian pronominal forms \u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0\u0436\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/em> and \u0436\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0\u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/em> within a broader Slavic perspective. Based on a representative corpus of written sources from the 14th to the 18th centuries, historical lexicographic data, and modern dialectological descriptions, the study reconstructs the main stages of their formal development, semantic change, and eventual standardization.<\/p>\n

The paper examines the graphic, phonetic, and morphological variation of these forms and their interaction with analytic models of negation such as ni jeden\u044a<\/em> and ni \u017eoden<\/em>. It is shown that the meaning of full negation (\u2018not one\u2019) was not originally inherent to these pronouns. In different historical periods and dialectal areas, they could express both negative and generalized quantificational meanings (\u2018each\u2019, \u2018every\u2019). Special attention is paid to areal differentiation between forms with the root vowels [a] and [o] and to the preservation of earlier semantic patterns in the dialects of the South-Eastern Ukrainian dialect continuum.<\/p>\n

In a comparative perspective, the Ukrainian material is juxtaposed with data from West Slavic and Belarusian languages, including Old Czech and Old Polish, which allows for refining competing etymological hypotheses and outlining common and divergent paths of the grammaticalization of negation in Slavic. The analysis also addresses constructions such as i jeden<\/em>, nijeden<\/em>, and ni \u017eadny<\/em> and their role in the development of negative pronominal paradigms.<\/p>\n

The study argues that the modern Ukrainian standard form \u0436\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d<\/em>, codified in the mid-20th century, represents the final stage of a long-term internal linguistic process of semantic specialization and supra-dialectal selection rather than the result of a simple replacement of \u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d<\/em>. Conversely, the form \u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u00a0<\/em>\/\u00a0\u0436\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/em> reflects deeper areal roots and preserves traces of earlier stages in the development of the Ukrainian pronominal system.<\/p>\n

Keywords: <\/strong>Ukrainian language, definite pronouns, \u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d, \u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0436\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d, etymology, codification.<\/p>\n

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Received 09.01.2026\u00a0\u00a0 \u0410pproved 19.03.2026\u00a0\u00a0 \u0420ublished 00.00.2026","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ruslana Kotsa, Candidate of Sciences in Philology, Senior Researcher in the Department of History of the Ukrainian Language and Onomastics Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 4 Mykhailo Hrushevskyi St., Kyiv 01001, Ukraine E-mail: rgomonai@ukr.net https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-2250 Heading:\u00a0Articles Language:\u00a0Ukrainian Abstract:\u00a0The article offers a comprehensive diachronic analysis of the Ukrainian […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"parent":12447,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-doi.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12465"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12465"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12471,"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12465\/revisions\/12471"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ukrmova.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}