The relationship between syntactic constructions with predicative passive participles and forms on -нo, -to in Ukrainian news telegram channels

Оlena Lavrinets, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of Ukrainian Language
National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
2 Hryhoriiа Skovorodу St., Kyiv 04655, Ukraine

E-mail: lavrinets@ukma.edu.ua
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-1502

Heading: Articles
Language: Ukrainian

Abstract: Despite established theoretical distinctions between passive verb forms and their constructions in contemporary academic and official texts (early 21st century) and in the linguistic practices of Ukrainian philology students, sentences featuring predicative forms ending in ‑но or ‑то often compete with sentences using predicative participles ending in ‑ний or ‑тий to express a resultative state following a prior action. This phenomenon has not yet been systematically examined within the news genre of media discourse. The study is relevant primarily because the media shape speakers’ linguistic tastes and their perception of linguistic norms. For linguists, it serves as a reliable source for observing the dynamics of linguistic change.

News texts in online media represent two main types of relationships between sentences with predicative passive participles and sentences with predicative forms ending in ‑но, ‑то: the first type is characterised by the correlative pair ‘predicative passive participle – predicative form ending in ‑но/‑то’, while the second type is characterised by the use of these verb forms without correlation.

Syntactic constructions with predicative participles ending in ‑ний, ‑тий and forms ending in ‑но, ‑то are mostly in correlative relationships. There are over 160 cognate pairs of ‘predicative passive participle – predicative form ending in ‑но/‑то’, which confirms their use as syntactic synonyms and as a means of avoiding structural monotony. The authors’ choice of a particular syntactic construction is determined by the tradition of identifying the morphological nature and syntactic function of passive verb forms. At the same time, simple sentences with predicative forms ending in ‑но, ‑то quantitatively prevail over two-part sentences with predicative passive participles, which coincides with the communicative orientation of news media texts to report on the completion of an action regardless of its performer and demonstrates the current trend of active use of syntactic constructions that are indigenous in origin and therefore natural for the Ukrainian literary language The limited use of passive verb forms that lack a correlative pair is attributed to the functional specificity of these lexemes in online media, in general, and in news media texts, in particular.

The sporadic use of three-part compound sentences with predicative passive participles and non-standard three-part simple sentences with predicative forms ending in ‑но, ‑то attests to the orientation of the authors of news media texts towards restoring one of the distinctive syntactic features of the Ukrainian literary language – two-part sentences with a subject syntactic unit in the nominative case of a noun, if the agent is known and needs to be named.

We envision the prospect of the completed study in further research into the dynamics of the relationship between syntactic constructions with predicative passive participles and forms ending in ‑но, ‑то in other genres of media discourse.

Keywords: two-part sentences with passive participles in ‑ний, ‑тий, simple sentences with predicative forms in ‑нo, ‑тo, meaning of the effective state, syntactic synonyms, correlative pairs, media discourse.

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