An evolution of the book tradition in Transcarpathia
4 Hrushevsʹkyi St., Kyiv 01001, Ukraine
E-mail: rgomonai@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2074-2250
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The evolution of language is determined by social, historical, and cultural factors. Over the 14th—15th centuries Transcarpathia was a part of the Kingdom of Hungary with the official Latin language being actively used by the Catholic Church. At that time Orthodox Church dominated in the region, and Mukachevo and Hrushovo monasteries served as the most important cultural and educational centers. Monks copied and distributed religious texts in Church Slavonic within the community. This paper discusses religious and secular written records extant from Transcarpathia, e.g., Uzhhorod Half-Uncial (the late 14th and early 15th century), Mukachevo Psalter (the 15th century), Korolevo Gospel (1401), and the 1401 and 1404 charters.
The author looks into the feature of the language used in the aforementioned documents and argues that religious texts are marked with Ukrainian Church Slavonic properties and nonreligious texts with Middle Ukrainian properties. The second South Slavic influence as reflected in spelling alongside vernacular Ukrainian allows to speak not only about the Middle Ukrainian language foundation of the Transcarpathian written records but also about some Transcarpathian dialect features. A lack of secular records, i.e., official documents, reflecting predominately vernacular elements, except for the copy of the 1404 charter, gives, however, a vague idea of Middle Ukrainian language of administration and complicates the study of the history of the Transcarpathian dialect.
Keywords: Middle Ukrainian, Ukrainian Church Slavonic, the 14—15th century written Transcarpathian records, Transcarpathian dialect
LEGEND
Hr. 1404 — Zakarpatsʹka hramota 1404 r. [Unpublished manuscript]. Q 10 / 1924 60 DIPLOMATIKAI LEV ÉLTÁR (Q szekci ó), Gy űjteményekből (P és R szekci óból és állagtalan fondok), Magyar nemzeti m úzeumi t örzsanyag (Q 10). DL 42811, the National Archives of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary.
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