Article retraction

ARTICLE RETRACTION

According to the COPE Guidelines, an article may be retracted for the following possible reasons:
– Unreliable conclusions based on clear evidence of misconduct (e.g., fraudulent use of data) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).
– Redundancy (e.g., conclusions that have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-references, permission, or justification).
– Plagiarism or other unethical research.

Retraction procedure
A manuscript is retracted based on statements from reviewers, the editor, author(s), or reader(s) stating that:
– the conclusions are unreliable or based on a material error (for example, miscalculation or experimental error) or falsification (for example, image manipulation);
– the text contains plagiarism;
– the conclusions have already been published in another publication without proper reference to it;
– the text contains materials or data for the use of which there is no permission;
– copyright, confidentiality, defamation have been violated;
– the research is unethical;
– the article was published only on the basis of compromised or manipulated review;
– the author did not provide the journal with information about a conflict of interest, which, in the opinion of the editor-in-chief, could have significantly influenced the evaluation of the work or the recommendations of the reviewers.

The PDF file of the withdrawn article (with a note on each page – “Withdrawn”) remains on the website of the journal “Ukrainian language”.

Statement of concern
The editorial board of the journal decides to publish a statement of concern on its website if there is evidence of:
– illegal or unethical behavior of the author during research or publication;
– the author’s conclusions are unfounded, but the management of the institution where he works does not plan to investigate his case;
– the appeal for violation of academic integrity is ongoing, but there are already reasons to believe that a decision will not be made for a long time.