Formal and semantic stratification and functional and stylistic differentiation in the early 21st century Ukrainian languag

Abstract: This paper discusses the active trends in the Modern Ukrainian vocabulary and grammar development, i.e., formal-semantic stratification and functional-stylistic differentiation of their units.
The authors reinterpret stratification as aspectualization structuring a certain concept active in a speaker’s mind to meet their new cognitive needs. It results in new language idioms, that is, grouping of language units of different levels of verbalization of the same concept, namely stratum. Differentiation is found in the creation of nominations of the same level of concept verbalization but with different pragmatic and stylistic potential designed for different language registers and communicative situations. A number of new and modified language idioms signals of an increase in cognitive and communicative power of language.

The paper pays particular attention to the role of usual and occasional word-formation in the stratification of verbalizers of certain concepts and their functional and stylistic differentiation. The application of structural, functional, and pragmatic criteria of occasionality made it possible to identify the cause of the formation of transients between usual (normative) and occasional (non-normative) units. Occasionalism created according to active word-forming models is a resource for strengthening the cognitive and communicative power of language, stratification, and differentiation of its lexicon with the help of word-formation methods and means.

The dynamics in the system of Modern Ukrainian verbs is marked by the formation of new functional and stylistic idioms. Intensified globalization processes contribute to the elimination of some meanings of a verb and the expansion of the sphere of functioning of other meanings of the verb.

Keywords: stratification, differentiation, cognitive power of language, communicative power of language, language idiom

LEGEND
ARSUN — Karpilovsʹka, Іe. A., Kysliuk, L. P., Klymenko, N. F., Kryts ʹka, V. I., Puzdyrieva, T. K., Romaniuk, Iu. V. (2013). Aktyvni resursy suchasnoї ukraїns ʹkoї nominatsiї: Ideohrafichnyi slovnyk novoї leksyky. Kyiv: TOV “KMM” (in Ukrainian).
HRAK — Heneralʹnyi rehionalʹno anotovanyi korpus ukraїnsʹkoї movy. https://www.uacor-pus.org.ua (in Ukrainian).
HS — Krytsʹka, V. I., Nedozym, T. I., Orlova, L. V., Puzdyrieva, T. K., & Romaniuk, Iu. V. (2011). Hramatychnyi slovnyk ukraїns ʹkoї literaturnoї movy. Slovozmina. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi Dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
D — Denʹ. https://www.day.kyiv.ua (in Ukrainian).
DT — Dzerkalo tyzhnia. https://www.dt.ua (in Ukrainian).
KTUM — Korpus tekstiv ukraїnsʹkoї movy. https://www.mova.info (in Ukrainian).
Nikovsʹkyi, A. (1927). — Ukraїnsʹko-Rosiisʹkyi slovnyk. Kyiv: Horno (in Ukrainian and Russian).
RUSNT — Andersh, I. F., Vorobiova, S. A., Kravchenko, M. V., Maksymenko, M. T., Mishchuk, R. S., Fomenko, V. M. (1994). Rosiisko-ukraїnsʹkyi slovnyk naukovoї terminolohiї: Suspilʹni nauky. Kyiv: Naukova dumka.
SIS 1955 — Lʹokhin, I. V., & Petrov, F. M. (Eds). (1955). Slovnyk inshomovnykh sliv. Kyiv: Derzhavne vydavnytstvo politychnoї literatury Ukraїny (in Ukrainian).
SIS 1974—Melʹnychuk, O. S. (Ed.). (1974).Slovnyk inshomovnykh sliv. Kyiv: Ukraїnsʹka radiansʹka entsyklopediia (in Ukrainian).
SКS 2016—Slovnyk ukraїnsʹkoho kompʹʹiuternoho slenhu. https://www.univer-sity.com/index.php/ 20.05.2016 (in Ukrainian).
SNU—Neliuba, A. (Ed.) (2012).Slovotvorchistʹnezalezhnoї Ukraїny (1991—2011). Kharkiv: Kharkivsʹke istoryko-filolohichne tovarystvo (in Ukrainian).
SNUа—Neliuba, A., & Redʹko, Іe. (Eds.). (2017).Slovotvorchistʹnezalezhnoї Ukraїny. 2012—2016. Kharkiv: Kharkivsʹke istoryko-filolohichne tovarystvo (in Ukrainian).
SUM—Bilodid, I. K. (Еd.). (1970—1980).Slovnyk ukraїnsʹkoї movy(Vols. 1—11). Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
SUMD—Hrytsenko, P. I., Vynnyk, V. O, Hnatiuk, I. S., Horodensʹka, K. H., Didun, L. I., Iermolenko, S. Iа. … Tsymbaliuk-Skopnenko, T. V. (Eds.). (2017).Slovnyk ukraїnsʹkoї movy movy v 11 tomakh. Dodatkovyi tom.Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
SUMZh—Zhaivoronok, V. V., & Nimchuk, V. V. (Eds.). (2012).Slovnyk ukraїnsʹkoї movy.
Kyiv: VTS “Prosvita” (in Ukrainian).
Tryhlav —Tryhlav, hazeta dlia svidomykh liudei. https://www.gazeta. triglav.pro (in Ukrainian).
TSSO—Koloїz, Zh. V. (2003).Tlumachno-Slovotvirnyi slovnyk okazionalizmiv. Kryvyi Rih (in Ukrainian).
UM —Ukraїna moloda. https://www.umoloda.kiev.ua (in Ukrainian).
UP —Ukraїnsʹka pravda. https://www.pravda.com.ua (in Ukrainian).

REFERENCES
Belentschikow, R. (2003). Neuzualʹnoe slovoobrazovanie: Vostochnoslavіanskie iazyki. In I. Ohnheiser (Ed.), Słowotwórstwo / Nominacja (pp. 249—261). Innsbruck, Opole (in Russian).
Beletskiі, A. A. (2012). Iz nabliudenii nad morskoі leksikoі vengerskogo iazyka. In A.O. Biletsʹkyi, Vybrani pratsi (pр. 159—163). Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
Buzássyová, K., & Martincová, O. (2003). Neuzuální slovotvorba v západoslovanských jazycích. In I. Ohnheiser (Ed.), Słowotwо́rstwo / Nominacja (pp. 262—275). Innsbruck, Opole (in Czech).
Felʹdman, N. I. (1957). Okkazional ʹnye slova i leksikografiіa . Voprosy Іazyikoznaniіa, 4, 64—73 (in Russian).
Hetʹmanchuk, M. P., Hryshchuk, V. K., & Turchyn, Іa. B. (2010). Politolohiia. Kyiv: Znannia (in Ukrainian).
Karpilovsʹka, Ie. A. (2002).Korenevyi hnizdovyi slovnyk ukraїnsʹkoї movy. Hnizda sliv z vershynamy —
omohrafichnymy koreniamy. Kyiv: Ukraїnsʹka entsyklopediia im. M. P. Bazhana (in Ukrainian).
Karpilovsʹka, Ie. A. (2008). Dynamika leksychnoї ta slovotvirnoї normy movy. In N. F. Klymenko (Ed.), Dynamichni protsesy v suchasnomu ukraїns ʹkomu leksykoni (pр. 49—59). Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
Karpilovsʹka, Ie. A. (2016). Slovotvorennia v ukraїns ʹkomovnomu ‘kreslenni’ Internetu. In B. Tošović, & A. Wonisch, Wortbildung und Internet (pр. 125—134). Graz: Institut für Slawistik der Karl-Franzens-Universität (in Ukrainian).
Karpilovsʹka, Ie. A. (2017). Varianty terminiv movoznavstva u suchasnii naukovo-osvitnii praktytsi i v chasovii perspektyvi. In Z. Rudnik-Karwatowa (Ed.), Dynamika współczesnego słownictwa słowiańskiego w przestrzeni stylowo-funkcjonalnej (pp. 9—26). Warsaw: IS PAN (in Ukrainian).
Karpilovsʹka, Іe. A. (2009). Rolʹ slovotvirnykh innovatsii u stratyfikatsiї suchasnoho ukraїnsʹkoho leksykonu. In V. Radeva, T. Avramova, & I. Baltova (Eds.), Slovoobrazuvane і leksykolohіia (рр. 227—236). Sofia: Sv. Klyment Okhrydsky (in Ukrainian).
Karpilovsʹka, Іe. A. (2009а). Semantyko-Prahmatychna dyferentsiatsiia slovotvorchykh resursiv movy: Svoie ta zasvoiene. In E. V. Petrukhіna (Ed.), Novyіe іavlenіia v slavianskom slovoobrazovanіі: Sіstema і funktsіonіrovanіe(pр. 228—244). Moscow: Izdatelʹstvo russkogo universiteta (in Ukrainian).
Karpilovsʹka, Іe. A., Kysliuk, L. P., Klymenko, N. F. at al. (2017). Vplyv suspilʹnykh zmin na rozvytok ukraїnsʹkoї movy. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
Klymenko, N. F. (2014). Vzaiemodiia funktsionalʹnykh styliv literaturnoї movy i vplyv її na slovotvirnu systemu. In N. F. Klymenko, Vybrani pratsi (pp. 20—21). Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
Klymenko, N. F. (2017). Terminuvannia і determinuvannia leksyky v suchasnykh ukraїnsʹkii, rosiisʹ-
kii ta novohretsʹkii movakh. In Z. Rudnik-Karwatowa (Ed.), Dynamika współczesnego słownictwa słowiańskiego w przestrzeni stylowo-funkcjonalnej (pp. 27—45). Warsaw: IS PAN (in Ukrainian).
Klymenko, N. F. (2017а). Ukraїnsʹka biolohichna terminolohiia kintsia XX — pochatku XXI st. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
Klymenko, N. F. (2018). Vnutrishnʹomovna i mizhmovna mihratsiia terminiv iak dzherelo popovnennia leksykoniv slovʹʹiansʹkykh mov. Slovʹʹiansʹki Obriї, 9, 94—107 (in Ukrainian).
Klymenko, N. F., Karpilovsʹka, Ie. A., & Kysliuk, L. P. (2008). Dynamichni protsesy v suchasnomu ukraїnsʹkomu leksykoni. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
Klymenko, N. F., Karpilovsʹka, Іe. A., & Kysliuk, L. P. (2005). Shkilʹnyi slovotvirnyi slovnyk su-
chasnoї ukraїnsʹkої movy. Kyiv: Dovira (in Ukrainian).
Koloїz, Zh. V. (2007). Ukraїnsʹka okazionalʹna deryvatsiia. Kyiv: Aktsent (in Ukrainian).
Koloїz, Zh. V. (2015). Neuzualʹne slovotvorennia. Kryvyi Rih: NPP Asteriks (in Ukrainian).
Kysliuk, L. P. (2017). Suchasna ukraїnsʹka slovotvirna nominatsiia: Resursy ta tendentsiї rozvytku. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Dmytra Buraho (in Ukrainian).
Kysliuk, L. P. (2018). Rozbudova paradyhmatyky linhvistychnoї terminolohiї v informatsiino-poshukovii systemi iSybislaw: Pohlіad korystuvacha. In P. Kowalski (Ed.), Z zagadnie ń informacji naukowej, terminoznawstwa i językoznawstwa (pp. 181—190). Warsaw: IS PAN; Fundacja Slawistyczna (in Ukrainian).
Kysliuk, L. P. (2019). Termin v avtorsʹkii publitsystytsi. Terminolohichnyi Visnyk, 5, 163—170 (in
Ukrainian).
Lem, S. M. (1977). Ocherk stratifikatsionnoi grammatiki. Minsk: Vysheishaia shkola (in Russian).
Lopatin, V. V. (1973). Rozhdenie slova. Neologizmy i okkazionalʹnye obrazovaniya. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
Lypynsʹkyi, V. (1926). Lysty do brativ-khliborobiv. Viena (in Ukrainian).
Popova, T. V. (2005). Russkaіa neologiіa i neografiіa. Ekaterinburg: GOU VPO UGTU-UPI (in Russian).
Pustovit, L. O., & Klymenko, N. F. (2007). Okazionalizm. In V. M. Rusanivsʹkyi & O. O. Taranenko (Eds.), Ukraїnsʹka mova: Entsyklopediia (pp. 451—452). Kyiv: Ukraїnsʹka entsyklopediia im. M. P. Bazhana (in Ukrainian).
Romaniuk, Iu. V. (2015). Slovotvir i slovozmina diiesliv-okazionalizmiv u tvorakh suchasnykh uk raїnsʹkykh pysʹmennykiv. In O. Novikova, P. Hilkes, & U. Schweier (Eds.), Jahrbuch der V. Internationalen virtuellen Konferenz der Ukrainistik “Dialog der Sprachen — Dialog der Kulturen” (рр. 160—169). München — Berlin: Verlag Otto Sagner (in Ukrainian).
Romaniuk, Iu. V. (2018). Katehoriia rodu diieslivnoї diї v slovʹʹiansʹkykh movakh. In P. Kowalski (Ed.), Z zagadnie ń informacji naukowej, terminoznawstwa i j ęzykoznawstwa (pp. 253—262). Warsaw: IS PAN; Fundacja Slawistyczna (in Polish).
Romaniuk, Iu. V. (2020). Funktsionalʹno-Stylistychnyi potentsial diiesliv-zharhonizmiv u internet-komunikatsiї. In A. Arkhanhelska, R. Merzová, & O. Taran (Eds.), Ucrainica X. Současná Ukrajinistika. Problémy jazyka, literatury a kultury: Sborník vĕdeckých článků z mezinárodní konference “Х Olomoucké sympozium ukrajinistů střední a východní Evropy,” September 09—10 (pp. 114—118). Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci (in Ukrainian).
Tezisy Prazhskogo lingvisticheskogo kruzhka. (1960). Іn V. A. Zvegintsev, Istoriіa іazykoznaniіa 19—20 vekov v ocherkakh i izvlecheniakh (Vol. 2, pp. 69—85). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoіe uchebno-pedagogicheskoіe izdatelʹstvo Ministerstva prosvescheniia RSFSR (in Russian).
Vykhovanetsʹ, I. R. (2007). Syntetyzm . In V. M. Rusanivsʹkyi & O. O. Taranenko (Eds.), Ukraїnsʹka mova: Entsyklopediia (р. 619). Kyiv: Ukraїnsʹka entsyklopediia im. M. P. Bazhana (in Ukrainian).
Ianko-Trinitskaia, N. A. (2001). Okkazionalʹnoe slovoobrazovanie. In N. A. Ianko-Trinitskaia, Slovoobrazovanie v sovremennom russkom iazyke (pp. 462—482). Moscow: Indrik (in Russian).
Zemskaіa, E. A. (2000). Aktivnye protsessy sovremennogo slovoproizvodstva. In V. L. Vorontsova, M. I. Glovinskaia, E. I. Golanova, Russkiі іazyk kontsa 20 stoletiіa (1985—1995) (pр. 90—141). Moscow: Іazyki russkoi kultury (in Russian).
Zemskaіa, E. A. (2009). Slovoobrazovanie kak deіatelʹnostʹ. Moscow: Knizhnyi dom “LIBROKOM” (in Russian).