Language innovations – abbreviatems in modern Slovak Language (in comparison with the Ukrainian Language)

Jarmila Kredátusová (Prešov)
Doc. Mgr. Jarmila Kredátusová, PhD., Katedra ukrajinistiky Inštitút ukrajinistiky a stredoeurópskych štúdií, Filozofická fakulta
Ul. 17. Novembra 1, Prešovská univerzita,  Prešov 08001, Slovensko/ Slovakia
E-mail: jarmila.kredatusova@unipo.sk

Heading: Researches
Language: Ukrainian

Abstract: The article is based on current knowledges about the abbreviatures in the Slovak language. New abbreviatures in the system of modern Slovak language are considered as well as the relations which they form on its phonetic, morphological, syntactic, lexical, word-formative and stylistic levels. New abbreviatures are formed and functioned under rules existing and stable in Slovak language for a long time, in particular, derivative ones. Due to these rules the system of modern Slovak language fairly easily adopts new abbreviatures as the lexemes of full value.

In general, Slovak language does not use abbreviation motivation as much as Ukrainian and Russian language, in which the occurance of abbreviations in both texts and speech is much higher although a tendency to use abbreviations more often becomes evident in Slovak language, too.

New lexicalized abbreviations serve as motivating units of new naming units, especially personal naming units and they form full word-formation nests. They are also resource of word-formation rows. New abbreviations are influenced by the process of demotivation, spontaneous and intentional remotivation and they create complete terminological systems.

New abbreviations are formed in mobile and electronical communication, such as letter abbreviations. This mean of communication shifts from the area of professionalisms and slang, from the area of colloquial to artistic language. This trend can be noticed in the texts of contemporary authors, whose language is based on the dialogues of people, who communicate via mobile and electronical technology.  The texts are translations of contemporary authors, who write in English, German and other languages. Various combinations of graphemes, numbers and non-abbreviations, so-called numeronyms, which provide texts with a new design and form, occur in the texts more often. There are reasons to talk about a new text (parole) abbreviation thanks to those innovative units, that have not been used in written form so far.

Keyword: Slovak language, innovation, abbreviation, abbreviateme, abbreviature, abbreviative motivation.

REFERENCES

1. Klymenko, N.F. (2004). Abbreviation. Ukrainian language: Encyclopedia.7. Kyiv (in Ukr.).
2. Klymenko, N.F. (2004). Abbreviation. Ukrainian language: Encyclopedia.7. Kyiv (in Ukr.).
3. Klymenko, N.F. (2004). Acronym. Ukrainian language: Encyclopedia.13. Kyiv (in Ukr.).
4. Klymenko, N.F. (2004). Trimming. Ukrainian language: Encyclopedia.750 – 751. Kyiv (in Ukr.).
5. Klymovych, S.M. (2008). Structural-Semantic Types of Formations in the Ukrainian Language: Abstract. diss. … Cand. philol. Sciences. Zaporizhzhia (in Ukr.).
6. Chovanec, M. (2015). Abbreviations as a reflection of socio-cultural processes (Russian-Slovak comparison). Prešov (in Slov.).
7. Gavurová, M. Abbreviation as a lexeme. URL: http://www.google.sk/#bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&fp=4b3352ae64a7a06b&q=skratka+ako+lex%C3%A9ma
8. Gavurová, M. (2013). Abbreviation as a lexema (Abractive motivation in lexicon). Prešov(in Slov.).
9. Hrbáček, (1979). Language abbreviations in Czech. Praha(in Czech.).
10. Kochová, (2005). New initial abbreviations. Neologisms in Czech today. P. 242 – 248. Praha (in Czech.).
11. Kochová, (2005). Prefixation of new nouns. Neologisms in Czech today. P. 76 – 84. Praha (in Czech.).
12. Lančarič, D. (2008). Language abbreviations. Bratislava (in Slov.).
13. Mistrík, J. (1997). Stylistics. Bratislava (in Slov.).
14. Ološtiak, (2011). Aspects of lexical motivation theory. Prešov (in Slov.).
15. Slančová, (1999). The language of authority and love: a child-centered kindergarten teacher – a description of the register. Prešov (in Slov.).